How to set up a local network? The simplest ways. Setting up a home LAN in Windows7 How to set up a grid between computers

Good afternoon friends! I am very pleased to welcome you to our educational Internet portal https: // site. We continue talking about setting up a home network. The topic is extensive, but interesting and very important.

Today we will be engaged in network educational program or network settings. In order to be able to set up a home network yourself, you need to get a minimum understanding of how a local area network works.

We will talk about the terminology of local networks, about setting up network adapters, and also consider in detail the connection of two or more computers to a network.

Let's turn to the network connection settings:

1. For Windows XP: Go to the “Start” menu –> “Control Panel” –> “Network Connections”. If the computer has a network card, the network connection icon will appear in the window that opens. Click on it right click mouse, and in the menu that opens, select "Properties".

2. For Windows 7: Go to the “Start” menu –> “Control Panel” –> “Network and Internet” –> in the first item “Network and Control Center public access select the sub-item “View network status and tasks” –> click on the link “Connect using local network” and then the “Properties” button.

In the window that appears, select “Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) (version 4, if specified)” from the list and click on the “Properties” button.

A window will open in which the main ones will be displayed.

network settings adapter

- some formal designation of your computer in the global or local information space. It is most likely that the network we are creating will operate using the TCP / IP protocol (Data Transfer Control Protocol / Internet Protocol).

A protocol is a set of standard algorithms and rules in accordance with which data is exchanged on a network.

In accordance with the operation of the TCP / IP protocol, each network device is assigned a unique IP address. It consists of 32 bits (or 4 bytes) which are written as four decimal numbers in the range 0-255 separated by dots, for example: 192.168.0.10.

Please note that addresses 0.0.0.0, 127.0.0.1 and addresses ending with 0 and 255 are reserved for service purposes and cannot be assigned to network devices.

When setting up an Internet connection, pay attention to the IP address entry field: if your provider has indicated an IP address, then enter it in the appropriate field, if it has not been provided to you, then simply select the “Obtain an IP address automatically.

2. Subnet mask. As a rule, a large network is divided into subnets, each of which is assigned its own unique address, like a separate computer. The full IP address, which we discussed above, contains information about both the address of a particular host and the address of the subnet.

To isolate these partitions from a single IP address, you need to know the subnet mask. It also consists of 32 bits and takes the value 0 or 1. If you impose a subnet mask on the IP address, then the numbers under the ones will mean the subnet address, and under the zeros - the address of a specific host. The subnet mask is written in the same way as the IP address, four digits separated by dots, for example: 255.255.255.0.

For reference, computers can only be connected to a network without the help of a router if they are on the same subnet (or have the same subnet address). If the subnet addresses differ by at least one, then information between them will not be transmitted.

3. Types of IP addresses and default gateway. As you already understand, the number of unique IP addresses on the Internet is limited, and the number of computers that want to access the World Wide Web is growing every day. It was decided to divide the addresses into private and public.

Public IP addresses can be directly connected to the Internet. They are visible to every computer on the Internet. To get a public IP address, you need to pay money. Pleasure is not cheap. As a rule, such addresses are distributed to providers and dedicated servers, sometimes to clients.
Private IP addresses are addresses that are not visible from the Internet. They are assigned to computers located on subnets connected to the Internet through a router. A router is a device that connects two subnets: local and global (Internet), and therefore has at least two network ports (IP addresses): public (for connecting to the Internet) and private (for working inside the local network). Because subnets do not interact with each other, then the same addresses can be repeated many times in different subnets.

The best way to create a home network is to use private IP addresses. A common option is to use an address like 192.168.x.x, where x is a number between 0 and 254.

4. DNS servers. We have looked at what an IP address is. But everyone will probably agree that it is difficult to remember so many numbers. What is easier to remember 94.100.191.204 or mail.ru? Of course, it is easier to remember the literal address of the site ( Domain name). To replace IP addresses with understandable nominal values, special servers have been invented - DNS servers. If the IP address changes, then this is immediately reported to the DNS server, and access to the site remains for you using the same domain name.

To configure Internet access, you must specify the IP address of the DNS server (usually it is issued by the provider or it is assigned automatically). If this is not done (or the DNS server will stop working), then you will have to specify their IP addresses to access the sites.

home network for two

If you need to quickly connect two computers to a network (for example, to transfer information, create backup or just to play), it is not necessary to buy a router or switch. We'll consider two connection options:

I will not consider setting up wireless access in this article. On this option we will stop later, when considering the settings of routers.

After selecting the type of cable connection, you can proceed to the network adapter settings.

First of all, make sure that the computers are in the same workgroup, in the same address range, and with different network names. Let's see how it's done:

Next, you need to set the IP addresses and subnet mask (the subnet mask is substituted automatically for the given IP address) for each computer. How to choose IP addresses, we considered above. Let's see how the IP address is configured:

If you are connecting several computers to a network using a switch (network switch), then repeat the above settings on each computer on the network.

network troubleshooting

1. The first thing to look for when troubleshooting a network is whether the network connection. Those. whether there is a physical connection of computers (are connected network cables to network adapters and network devices such as a router, whether the wireless wifi adapter, for example, on laptops, it is disabled by a special keyboard shortcut). It is also necessary to determine the health of the network adapter. As a rule, sometimes it is enough to see if the yellow-orange diodes of the network connector blink when the cable is connected.

2. You need to check that the IP addresses are not repeated in this subnet. All computers must have different addresses so that there are no conflicts when exchanging data.

3. Verify that the subnet address is correct. Those. you need to check that the subnet mask on all network adapters is set to the same.

4. Check that the same group is specified in the computer properties (we talked about this above).

5. If a specific site has become unavailable, then this does not mean that the network has disappeared, perhaps the DNS server has failed. Check other sites. To control the operation of the DNS server, enter in the address bar of the browser instead of mail.ru - 94.100.191.204. If the site loads, then the DNS is definitely faulty.

Today we will deal with the question of how to set up the Internet on a computer or laptop. As a rule, the Internet is configured by an employee of the provider at the moment when you conclude an agreement with him for the provision of services - after all, it is the correct access to the World Wide Web that is an indicator of the performance of this service. However, later on reinstalling Windows or buying a new computer, the Internet settings can fly off, and here we will already face a dilemma - call technical support or do everything ourselves. In fact, this task is not at all difficult, so by reading this article to the end, you can save money more than once.

How to set up Internet on a computer via cable?

The most common type of connection is cable - a wire is pulled into your apartment with a special LAN connector at the end, which is inserted into the network card in the PC case. However, depending on the provider, there are several types of network connection. How to properly set up the Internet and how the connection to the World Wide Web occurs should be indicated in the paperwork of the contract that was given to you when the employee first set up the Internet. There are several of them - automatic IP, static IP, PPPoE, L2TP, filtered by MAC address. Let's consider them in order.

Internet setup automatically

I called this type automatic, because if the provider connects you using this type, then you are lucky - you don’t have to configure anything at all. With it, the network happens “by itself” - that is, we just plug in an Ethernet cable and use the Internet. If it doesn’t work, then make sure that all configurations are reset - to do this, go to “Start> Control Panel> Network and Internet> Network and Sharing Center> Control network connections> Change adapter settings", right-click on "Local Area Connection" and go to "Properties> Internet Protocol version TCP / IP v.4". Here all values should be set to "Automatic", as in the picture

Internet connection on a computer with authorization

In this fairly common type, or rather types, because there are two of them, you will have to sweat a little and create a connection with the handles and enter your login and password to set up an Internet connection. If you click on the desktop icon every time to enter the Internet, a connection window opens in which you click on the button - this is your case.

PPPoE

PPPoE - connection to the provider's servers occurs only by login and password. If you suddenly reinstalled Windows, then in order to restore the ability to exit to no, do the following:

Go to "Start > Control Panel"
further in "Networks and the Internet"
and in the "Network and Sharing Center"
Here, somewhere on the page (in the left column for Windows 7 or in the main window in Windows 8 and 10) we see the menu item "Set up a connection or network" - click on it
Here we select "Connect to the Internet" and click "Next"
Select "High Speed (PPPoE)" and move on
We enter the login and password that the provider issued - they are usually indicated in the contract.
After that, we return to the "Network Sharing Center" and find the link "Change adapter settings" in the menu - we go through it.
We find "High-speed connection" - now it is in the "Disabled" state.
Double click on it, a window for authorization will open. Click the "Connect" button and enjoy! For convenience, this "High-speed connection" can be dragged with the mouse to the "Desktop", creating an icon with a quick link.

L2TP

L2TP is another type of Internet setup with authorization. To activate it, we do everything the same as in the previous method, up to step number 4 inclusive.

Connecting a laptop to the Internet with a static IP

The next type will not ask you to enter your login and password and click on the icons for the connection each time, but it does require manual entry of the IP address settings to connect to the provider's equipment. For the settings, we go through the chain “Start> Control Panel> Network and Internet> Network and Sharing Center> Manage network connections> Change adapter settings”, right-click on “Local Area Connection” and go to “Properties> Protocol Internet version TCP/IP v.4”.

And enter in the IP address and DNS server fields the values \u200b\u200bthat the provider provided.

Filtering by MAC address

And finally, for any of the above types, the provider can apply filtering by MAC address. This means that you can only connect to the Internet on the computer that is registered with the provider. Insert the cable into another - and the internet will be gone. This bug usually appears at the moment when you bought new computer(or a network card), brought home, but the Internet does not plow. To be honest, I don’t understand at all why some of our “friends” do such garbage, but if this is the case, then you can activate access to the network only by calling the support service and saying that you bought a new PC.

That's all for today - I'm sure that you now know exactly how to connect the Internet to your computer and you can 100% do it yourself! In addition to cable connection, any. But more on that in another lesson...

Thank you! Did not help

And why is it, in fact, needed by an ordinary user. Recall the main concepts of this lesson:

- a local network is a system of computing devices connected by communication lines, designed to transmit information to a finite number of subscribers;
- there are three main types of topology of local networks, on the basis of which more complex structures of local communication are built;
- according to the way computers interact, local networks are peer-to-peer (when all PCs connected to the network are equal) and with a dedicated server.

In this article, we will look at how to create a local network with the same access rights for all its users.

The advantages of such a network include simplicity of design (setting up a home network is quite “too tough” for a beginner) and the economic availability of equipment, but the range of functionality of such a network is very limited.

So, to create a local network between computers, we need:

Several computers (in this case consider the option of a network that combines more than two PCs, but we will tell separately), which will become the nodes of our local network. For each PC, you need to check the presence of a network card (although most modern devices are equipped with a built-in "network card", but "what the hell is not joking" ...).

- Network hardware. Both managed (configurable) and unmanaged network equipment can be used to organize local networks. To make a small home network, a simple unmanaged 4-6 port switch is quite suitable.
- Network cable to connect each computer to network equipment. The total cable length directly depends on the final number of PCs, their distance from each other and the architecture of the room (building) in which the local network is created.
- Connectors(RJ-45 connectors), the number of which also depends on the number of computers connected to the network. So, to compress the cable for each PC, you need at least 2 connectors;
- Swage(Krimper) - a tool for cable termination. (In its absence, many masters manage with improvised means (for example, a screwdriver), but it will be quite difficult for a beginner to complete this trick).

Creating and configuring a home network

1. Select the computer from which the creation of the local network will begin, and connect it to the network equipment. To do this, on both sides crimp the cable and using RJ-45 connectors we connect it to the ports of the switch and the network card of our computer.

Any advanced settings an unmanaged switch does not require: we only need to register correct settings the local network itself in the operating system of each PC

2. To do this, go to the settings of the computer's network card (we read, windows 8 and windows XP) and write there IP-the address this PC. As a rule, the following IP addresses are used here 192.168.1., 192.168.0;

3. Repeat 1-2 points for each computer connected to the network.

Important: the last digit of the IP address of each subsequent PC must differ from the previous one (in the range indicated above): so, if the first computer was assigned IP 192.168.1.1, the second PC will have it - 192.168.1.2, the third - 192.168.1.3 and so on.

When all computers are connected, we check our local network for operability.

You can do this in two ways:

Check for other devices connected to the network in the "Network Neighborhood" tab of the control panel this computer;

Ping any computer on this network with a known ip address. Pinging is done like this:

Go to "Start → Run", in the window that opens, assign the command "cmd" and press "Enter";

In the window that appears command line prescribe ping xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx, where xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx is the IP address of the computer we are looking for.

If, after executing the command, we see a similar picture in the command line window, then the home local network we created is fully operational, but if the computer displays a message about “the request timed out” or that “the specified host is unavailable”

- it is necessary to search for and eliminate technical malfunctions of this network.

Microsoft Corporation since Windows Vista, have greatly changed the security policy of their systems regarding the local network. Operating system seemed new, somehow too complicated, and therefore many could not figure out how to open access to files on a computer. Today we'll see how it's done Windows example 8.1, but Vista and 7 have a similar system, and the difference is not fundamental. The local area network can also be used to later create , which will unite all multimedia devices of the house or apartment, or to share files with your phone or tablet.

In my opinion, this is very convenient when, without additional movements, you can play a movie from a computer, laptop or even phone to big screen TV or listen to your favorite music from your phone, on the speaker system without connecting additional wires, although it is already necessary here . But let's move on to setting up a local network.

Video instruction available at link.

Step-by-step instruction

For the normal functioning of the local network, all computers on this network must be in the same workgroup; for the home network, let's take MSHOME. To install it, we need to follow the following path: open "Control Panel" - "System and Security" - "System" (you can also right-click on the "Computer" shortcut on the desktop and select "Properties" or the key combination " " ). In the window that opens, select "Advanced system settings" in the left column.
In the window that opens, go to the "Computer Name" tab and click the "Change" button. A dialog box opens in which we need to record a new working group. We prescribe MSHOME (all caps) and click OK. Close the system settings by clicking the OK button and restart the computer.
Next, it is desirable to configure a permanent IP for both computers. To do this, go to "Control Panel" - "Network and Internet" - "Network and Sharing Center" - on the left side of the "Change adapter settings" window - select the network card, right-click and click "Properties".
Before completing this item, read the notes under the screenshot. Select "Internet Protocol version 4" and click "Properties", fill in as shown in the picture.

P.S. If your local network is organized through a router with a DHCP server enabled - IP address, Default Gateway and DNS Servers can be left in automatic mode. This action must be done if you have two computers connected directly or if DHCP is disabled on the router.

P.P.S. The value of the IP address must be different on computers within the same local network. That is, we specify IP 192.168.0.7 for this computer, and 192.168.0.8 for the next one.

Next, we need to configure the visibility of the computer within the local network. To do this, go to "Control Panel" - "Network and Internet" - "Network and Sharing Center" - in the left part of the window, select "Change advanced sharing settings" and we will see the sharing settings profiles. Here your task is that in all profiles you must enable “network discovery”, and “file and printer sharing”, and “sharing to network users could read and write files in shared folders", as well as "Turn off password protected sharing". We press to save changes.

At this point, we begin to work with folders that we will share on the network. I'll use one folder as an example, but you can open access to everything local disk in a similar scenario.
First we need to share the folder. It should be borne in mind that if the network is not limited to two computers (for example, some providers (Beeline) provide Internet to apartments based on one large local network), it makes sense not to give the right to change the contents of the folder; if you are sure about the computers included in the local network, feel free to give "Full access". So, open the properties of the folder we need, for this we right-click on the folder and select "Properties", open the "Access" tab and click the "Advanced settings ..." button.
In the window that opens, check the box "Share this folder", click the "Permissions" button and give necessary rights folder; since this is an example, I give full access to the folder, but you put it at your discretion. That's what I did:
Click OK to accept the changes, just click OK in the "Advanced sharing settings" window, then in the folder properties go to the "Security" section and click the "Change" button.
Click the "Add" button, in the window that opens, write "All" (without quotes) and click OK.
We select our new group in the window and give it full access at the bottom of the window.
We press OK, in the properties of the folder is also OK and for reliability we restart the computer again.

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Thank you for your attention!

One of the most important abilities of computers is transmission of information from one car to another. Thanks to this, almost endless possibilities open up for users, which everyone has long known about - entertainment, work, communication, and so on.

Many are well aware of the existence of global and local networks. If we use the first one mainly to transfer information over long distances, then the second one is used to transfer data among a small number of users. In this article, we will take a closer look at the local network, as well as describe its creation and configuration in Windows 7.

General concepts

A local network is a network in which united 2 or more computers, usually located within an apartment or, say, a building. Machines can be connected to each other via network cables or wireless communication channel (usually WiFi).

In order for each individual computer to "see" any other, also connected to the local network, two rules must be observed. Firstly, all machines must be connected to one common communication device - router(it is possible without it - more on that later), which receives information from one computer and transmits it to another. Secondly, each machine must have unique network address. Compliance with these conditions is sufficient to combine many PCs into a simple local area network.

It is also worth knowing that there are two ways (or types) of combining computers - star and ring.

The first involves the use of a router (router, switch, hub - as you prefer) as a communication device (the principle of operation was described above).

Network type " ring» does not require the use of such devices, however, for its operation, each computer must have at least two network cards. Roughly speaking, one of them will play the role of a receiver of information, the other - a sender.

This data will be enough for you to move on to the next part of the article.

Preparatory work

Before setting up a home or office local network, you must first prepare all computers and the communication line for work. If you are using wired router as a communication device, you will need connect network cables from each computer to it. If you are creating a home network using wireless router WiFi, then just connect every machine to it.

Building a home local network like " Ring» will require cable pulling according to the following scheme (for example, 4 computers):

Connect two cables to computer No. 1 in different sockets of network cards;
Pull one of the cables to PC No. 2, the second - to PC No. 3;
Connect the second cable in PC #2 to another free slot on the network card and drop it to PC #4;
You do the same for PC #3 by connecting it to a free board slot from PC #4.

You may notice that when connecting the type " Ring» Each of the computers is connected by wires to only two neighboring ones. In our case, PC #1 has no cable connection to PC #4.

By the way, setting up a network like " Ring" may be done without wires, that is, via Wi-Fi. However, this will require that each computer can not only “be able” to connect to Wi-Fi, but also have the ability to create a virtual hotspot so that other machines can connect to it. But we will not consider this option.

Setting up Windows

After connecting computers to a network using wires or Wi-Fi, it is necessary to perform certain tasks on each of them. settings, otherwise such a home network simply will not function normally. The whole point of customization is just to give each PC its own unique network address(connection settings will be considered using the example of Windows 7).

Start with any one computer:

Open Windows section " Network and Sharing Center", which can be found in Control panels;
Look in the list on the left for " Change adapter settings» and go into it;
The connections that are currently available on your computer will be displayed here;
Select the connection that will be used to communicate on your home network (if you are using a wired connection, then you will need " LAN connection", if Wi-Fi, then -" Wireless network connection»);
Right-click on the selected connection, and then select " Properties» to enter the settings;
You need to find in the list of components the item " Internet protocol version 4", then open it;
Here you will need to move the switch to the second item " Use the following address...»;
Enter in the field called "IP address" - 192.168.0.1, then in the field " Subnet mask» - 255.255.255.0;
Close the settings window by pressing the OK button.

Now, almost the same thing needs to be done for each computer connected to your home network. Differences in one - in the IP address field the value of the last number must be unique. Set, for example, on PC No. 2 the address is 192.168.0.2, on PC No. 3, enter 3 as the last digit, etc. to the very last computer on your home network.

By the way, if you want all computers on the network to be able to access the Internet, then you additionally need to fill in the fields " Main gate" and " DNS server». The gateway and DNS can simultaneously be, for example, the address of your Wi-Fi router if the latter is configured to work in global network. You can also enter the address of a computer connected to the Internet in these fields. In this case, the network settings of the latter should indicate that it allows other machines on the local network to use the Internet connection. But that's another topic.

Something else. When your computer connects to a local network, Windows 7 automatically asks where you would like it to be located. There are 3 options - home network», « Enterprise network" or " public network". Some network functions depend on this choice. windows settings- restrictions or permissions of actions of other machines in a network in relation to yours. We will not paint everything - just choose the first option " home network».